Sida Loo Ciribtiro Khaladaadka Taper-ka ee Shafts-ka-rogista CNC ee leh Qalabaynta Saxda ah

Sida Loo Ciribtiro Khaladaadka Taper-ka ee Shafts-ka-rogista CNC ee leh Qalabaynta Saxda ah

Qore: PFT, Shenzhen

Abstract: Khaladaadka taper ee ulaha CNC-rogmaday waxay si weyn u dhimaan saxnaanta cabbirka iyo ku habboonaanta qaybaha, saameynaya waxqabadka isu imaatinka iyo isku halaynta alaabta. Daraasadani waxay baadhaysaa waxtarka hab-maamuuska saxnaanta habaysan ee ciribtirka khaladaadkan. Habkani waxa uu shaqaalaysiiyaa interferometry laser-ka-xalinta sare ee khariidaynta khaladka mugga ee guud ahaan goobta shaqada ee qalabka mashiinka, gaar ahaan bartilmaameedka leexashada joomatari ee gacan ka geysanaya taper. Qaybaha magdhowga, oo laga soo qaatay khariidadda qaladka, ayaa lagu dabaqay kontaroolaha CNC dhexdeeda. Ansixinta tijaabada ee ulaha leh dhexroorka magacaaban ee 20mm iyo 50mm waxay muujisay hoos u dhac ku yimi khaladka taper ka qiyamka bilawga ah ee ka sarreeya 15µm/100mm ilaa in ka yar 2µm/100mm dib-u-habaynta. Natiijooyinku waxay xaqiijinayaan in magdhowga khaladka joomatari ee la beegsaday, gaar ahaan wax ka qabashada khaladaadka meelaynta toosan iyo leexinta xaglaha ee dariiqooyinka, ay tahay habka koowaad ee ciribtirka. Hab-maamuusku wuxuu bixiyaa hab wax ku ool ah, xog ku salaysan si loo gaaro saxnaanta heerka-yar ee saxsanaanta saxanka, una baahan qalabka mitirka caadiga ah. Shaqada mustaqbalka waa in ay sahamiso xasilloonida muddada fog ee magdhowga iyo isdhexgalka iyada oo la socoto la socodka hawsha.

1 Hordhac

Weecsanaanta taper, oo lagu qeexay kala duwanaansho diametric ah oo aan la qorshayn oo ay weheliso dhidibka wareegga ee qaybaha cylindrical-rogadka ah ee CNC, ayaa weli ah caqabad joogto ah oo soo saarista saxda ah. Khaladaadka noocan oo kale ah waxay si toos ah u saameeyaan dhinacyada shaqada ee muhiimka ah sida ku habboonaanta, hufnaanta shaabadda, iyo kinematics-ka kulanka, taasoo suurtogal ah inay horseeddo guuldarro dhicis ah ama hoos u dhac hawleed (Smith & Jones, 2023). Iyadoo arrimaha ay ka midka yihiin xirashada qalabka, kuleylka kuleylka, iyo leexinta shaqada waxay gacan ka geystaan ​​sameynta khaladaadka, khaladaadka joomatari ee aan magdhowga lahayn ee CNC lafteeda lafteeda - gaar ahaan leexinta meelaynta toosan iyo isku dhejinta xagasha ee faashashka - ayaa loo aqoonsaday inay yihiin sababaha asaasiga ah ee xididdada nidaamsan (Chen et al., 2021; Braun & 24). Hababka magdhawga tijaabada-iyo-qallada ee dhaqameed ayaa inta badan waqti qaata oo aan lahayn xog dhamaystiran oo loo baahan yahay si loo saxo qaladka adag ee dhammaan mugga shaqada. Daraasadani waxay soo bandhigaysaa oo ansixisay hab saxan habaysan oo habaysan iyadoo la isticmaalayo interferometry laser si loo qiyaaso oo loo magdhabo khaladaadka joomatari ee sida tooska ah uga masuulka ah samaynta taper ee ulaha CNC-rogmaday.

2 Hababka Cilmi-baarista

2.1 Naqshadeynta Hab maamuuska Calibration

Naqshadaynta udub-dhexaadka ah waxay ku lug leedahay khariidaynta khaladka mugga iyo habka magdhowga. Male-awaalka aasaasiga ah wuxuu dhigayaa in si sax ah loo cabbiray loona magdhabay khaladaadka joomatari ee CNC lathe's linear faasas (X iyo Z) waxay si toos ah ula xidhiidhi doonaan ciribtirka taper la qiyaasi karo ee ulaha la soo saaray.

2.2 Helitaanka Xogta & Dejinta Tijaabada

• Qalabka Mashiinka: A 3-dhidib CNC xarun leexin (Samee: Okuma GENOS L3000e, Controller: OSP-P300) u adeegay sidii goobta imtixaanka.

• Qalabka Cabbirka: interferometer Laser (Renishaw XL-80 madaxa laser oo leh XD linear optics iyo RX10 rotary axis calibrator) waxay bixisay xogta cabbirka ee la raadin karo ee lagu raadin karo heerarka NIST. Saxnaanta tooska ah ee toosan, toosnaanta (labada diyaaradood), garoon, iyo khaladaadka yaw ee labada faasas ee X iyo Z ayaa lagu qiyaasay 100mm inta u dhaxaysa safarka buuxa (X: 300mm, Z: 600mm), iyadoo la raacayo nidaamka ISO 230-2: 2014.

• Qalabka Shaqada & Mashiinka: Tijaabada Tijaabada (Alaabada: AISI 1045 birta, Cabbirka: Ø20x150mm, Ø50x300mm) ayaa lagu farsameeyay shuruudo joogto ah (Xawaaraha Goynta: 200 m / min, Quudinta: 0.15 mm / rev, Qoto dheer ee Goynta: 0.5 mm CVD-Qalabka MG, Toolkit D. 150608) ka hor iyo ka dib labadaba. qaboojiye ayaa la mariyay.

• Cabbirka Taper: Dhexroorka mashiinka mashiinka ka dambeeya waxaa lagu qiyaasay 10mm dhexda dhererka iyadoo la adeegsanayo mashiinka cabbiraadda isku-dubbaridka saxda ah ee saxda ah (CMM, Zeiss CONTURA G2, Ciladda ugu badan ee la oggol yahay: (1.8 + L/350) µm). Cilad taper waxaa loo xisaabiyay sida jiirada dib u noqoshada toosan ee dhexroorka vs. booska.

2.3 Dhaqangelinta Magdhawga Cilad

Xogta khaladka Volumetric ee cabirka laysarka ayaa lagu farsameeyay iyadoo la isticmaalayo software Renishaw's COMP si loo soo saaro miisaska magdhowga dhidibka u gaarka ah. Jadwaladan, oo ka kooban qiyamka sixitaanka booska ku-tiirsanaanta barakicinta tooska ah, khaladaadka xagasha, iyo weecanaanta toosan, ayaa si toos ah loogu shubay qalabka mashiinka cabbiraadaha magdhawga qaladka joomatari gudaha kontaroolaha CNC (OSP-P300). Jaantuska 1 wuxuu muujinayaa qaybaha qaladka joomatari ee aasaasiga ah ee la cabbiray.

3 Natiijooyinka iyo Falanqaynta

3.1 Khariidaynta Qaladka Qalinjabinta Kahor

Cabbirka Laser-ka ayaa shaaca ka qaaday weecsanaan joomatari oo muhiim ah oo gacan ka geysanaya taper-ka suurtagalka ah:

• dhidibka Z: Qaladka booska ee +28µm at Z=300mm, ururinta qaladka garoonka ee -12 arcsec in ka badan 600mm safarka.

• dhidibka X: Cilad Yaw ah +8 arcsec in ka badan 300mm safarka.
  weecsanaantani waxay la jaanqaadaysaa khaladaadka taper-ka ee hore loo eegay ee lagu cabbiray shafka Ø50x300mm, ee lagu muujiyey Shaxda 1. Habka khaladka ugu weyni wuxuu muujiyay koror joogto ah oo dhexroor ah oo ku wajahan dhamaadka xoolaha dabada.

Shaxda 1: Natiijooyinka Qiyaasta Khaladka Taper

3.2 Waxqabadka Qalinjabinta Kadib

Hirgelinta xididada magdhowga la soo saaray waxay keentay hoos u dhac weyn oo ku yimid khaladka taper-ka ee la qiyaasay ee labada shaft ee tijaabada ah (Shaxda 1). Usha Ø50x300mm waxay muujisay hoos u dhac ka yimid +16.8µm/100mm ilaa +1.7µm/100mm, taasoo ka dhigan horumar 89.9%. Sidoo kale, shafka Ø20x150mm wuxuu muujiyay hoos u dhac ka yimid +14.3µm/100mm ilaa +1.1µm/100mm (92.3% hagaajin). Jaantuska 2 ayaa si garaaf ah u barbar dhigaya muuqaalada dhexroorka usheeda dhexe ee Ø50mm ka hor iyo ka dib hagaajinta, taasoo si cad u muujinaysa ciribtirka habka taper-ka ee habaysan. Heerkan horumarku waxa uu ka badan yahay natiijooyinka caadiga ah ee laga soo sheegay hababka magdhawga buug-gacmeedka (tusaale, Zhang & Wang, 2022 waxa ay sheegeen ~ 70% hoos u dhac) oo waxa ay muujinaysaa waxtarka magdhowga khaladka mugga ee dhamaystiran.

4 Dood

4.1 Fasiraadda Natiijooyinka

Hoos-u-dhaca weyn ee khaladka taper-ka ayaa si toos ah u ansaxiyay mala-awaalka. Habka aasaasiga ah waa hagaajinta qaladka booska Z-dhidibka iyo weecanaanta garoonka, taas oo keentay in dariiqa qalabku ka leexdo jihada saxda ah ee isku midka ah marka loo eego dhidibka dunta dunta sida gaadhigu u socdo Z. Magdhowgu si wax ku ool ah u baabi'iyay kala duwanaanshahan. Cilada hadhaaga ah (<2µm/100mm) waxay u badan tahay inay ka soo baxdo ilo aan la dabooli karin magdhowga joomatari, sida saamaynta kulaylka daqiiqadaha ah inta lagu jiro mishiinka, leexinta qalabka hoos yimaada xoogga goynta, ama hubin la'aanta cabbirka.

4.2 Xaddidaad

Daraasadani waxay diiradda saaraysay magdhowga khaladka joomatari ee la xakameynayo, xaaladaha dheellitirka kuleylka dhow ee caadiga ah ee wareegga kuleylka wax soo saarka. Si cad uma qaabayn ama umay magdhabin khaladaadka kuleylku keenay ee dhaca inta lagu jiro mudada wax soo saarka ee la dheeraday ama isbedbeddelka heerkulka jawiga ee muhiimka ah. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxtarka borotokoolka mashiinnada daalka daran ama waxyeellada u geysta dariiqyada hagayaasha/kubadaha lama qiimayn. Saamaynta ay xoogag goyntu aadka u saraysa ku yeesheen baabiinta magdhawga ayaa sidoo kale ka baxsan xadka hadda la joogo.

4.3 Saamaynta la taaban karo

Hab-maamuuska la soo bandhigay wuxuu siinayaa soosaarayaasha hab adag oo lagu celin karo si loo gaaro rogid cylindrical sax ah oo sax ah, lama huraan u ah codsiyada hawada hawada, aaladaha caafimaadka, iyo qaybaha baabuurta waxqabadka sare leh. Waxay yaraynaysaa heerarka qashinka ee la xidhiidha taper-ku-wacyi-la'aanta waxayna yaraynaysaa ku tiirsanaanta xirfadda hawlwadeenka magdhowga gacanta. Shuruudda interferometry laser waxay u taagan tahay maalgashi laakiin waxay xaq u leedahay tas-hiilaadka dalbanaya dulqaadka heerka-yar.

5 Gabagabo

Daraasadani waxay dejisay in saxnaanta saxda ah ee habaysan, iyada oo la adeegsanayo interferometry leysarka ee khariidaynta qaladka joomatari ee mugga iyo magdhowga kontoroolka CNC ee xiga, ay aad waxtar ugu leedahay ciribtirka khaladaadka taper-ka ee ulaha CNC-rogmaday. Natiijooyinka tijaabada ayaa muujiyay hoos u dhac ka badan 89%, taasoo la gaaray taper haraaga ah oo ka hooseeya 2µm/100mm. Habka xudunta u ah waa magdhowga saxda ah ee khaladaadka meelaynta toosan iyo leexashada xagasha (pitch, yaw) ee faasasyada qalabka mashiinka. Gabagabada muhiimka ah waa:

1. Khariidaynta khaladka joomatari ee dhammaystiran ayaa muhiim u ah aqoonsiga weecsanaanta gaarka ah ee keenaysa taper.

2. Magdhawga tooska ah ee weecsanaantan gudaha kontaroolaha CNC ayaa bixisa xal aad waxtar u leh.

3. Hab-maamuusku waxa uu keenaa horumar la taaban karo xagga saxnaanta cabbirka iyadoo la isticmaalayo aaladaha cabbirka caadiga ah.